{
  "_id": "6a19701facfb0bcc41decf48",
  "Package": "NCA",
  "Type": "Package",
  "Title": "Necessary Condition Analysis",
  "Version": "5.0.1",
  "Date": "2026-04-29",
  "Authors@R": "c(person(given = \"Jan\",\nfamily = \"Dul\",\nrole = \"aut\",\nemail = \"jdul@rsm.nl\"),\nperson(given = \"Govert\",\nfamily = \"Buijs\",\nrole = \"cre\",\nemail = \"buijs@rsm.nl\"))",
  "Description": "Performs a Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). (Dul, J.\n2016. Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). ''Logic and\nMethodology of 'Necessary but not Sufficient' causality.\"\nOrganizational Research Methods 19(1), 10-52)\n<doi:10.1177/1094428115584005>. NCA identifies necessary (but\nnot sufficient) conditions in datasets, where x causes (e.g.\nprecedes) y. Instead of drawing a regression line ''through the\nmiddle of the data'' in an xy-plot, NCA draws the ceiling line.\nThe ceiling line y = f(x) separates the area with observations\nfrom the area without observations. (Nearly) all observations\nare below the ceiling line: y <= f(x). The empty zone is in the\nupper left hand corner of the xy-plot (with the convention that\nthe x-axis is ''horizontal'' and the y-axis is ''vertical'' and\nthat values increase ''upwards'' and ''to the right''). The\nceiling line is a (piecewise) linear non-decreasing line: a\nlinear step function or a straight line. It indicates which\nlevel of x (e.g., an effort, a characteristic) is necessary but\nnot sufficient for a (desired or undesired) level of y (e.g.,\ngood performance or disease). A quick start guide for using\nthis package can be found here:\n<https://repub.eur.nl/pub/78323/> or\n<https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2624981>.",
  "URL": "https://www.eur.nl/en/erim/erim/research-initiatives/necessary-condition-analysis",
  "License": "GPL (>= 3)",
  "NeedsCompilation": "no",
  "Packaged": {
    "Date": "2026-05-29 09:06:03 UTC",
    "User": "root"
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  "Author": "Jan Dul [aut], Govert Buijs [cre]",
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    "nca_extract",
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    "nca_power",
    "nca_powerplot",
    "nca_random",
    "nca_util_normalize",
    "point.color",
    "point.type"
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      "title": "NCA example data with 2 conditions and 1 output",
      "object": "nca.example",
      "file": "nca.example.RData",
      "class": [
        "data.frame"
      ],
      "fields": [
        "Individualism",
        "Risk taking",
        "Innovation performance"
      ],
      "rows": 28,
      "table": true,
      "tojson": true
    },
    {
      "name": "nca.example2",
      "title": "NCA example data with 3 conditions and 1 outcome",
      "object": "nca.example2",
      "file": "nca.example2.RData",
      "class": [
        "data.frame"
      ],
      "fields": [
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        "Contractual detail",
        "Goodwill trust",
        "Competence trust"
      ],
      "rows": 48,
      "table": true,
      "tojson": true
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  "_help": [
    {
      "page": "NCA-package",
      "title": "Necessary Condition Analysis",
      "topics": [
        "NCA-package"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "ceilings",
      "title": "a set of all available ceiling techniques",
      "topics": [
        "ceilings"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "line.colors",
      "title": "a set defining the line colors for the plots",
      "topics": [
        "line.colors"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "line.types",
      "title": "a set defining the line types for the plots",
      "topics": [
        "line.types"
      ]
    },
    {
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      "title": "parameter defining the width of the lines in the plots",
      "topics": [
        "line.width"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "nca",
      "title": "Run a basic NCA analyses on a data set",
      "topics": [
        "nca"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "nca_analysis",
      "title": "Run NCA analyses on a data set",
      "topics": [
        "nca_analysis"
      ]
    },
    {
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      "title": "Function for permutation tests",
      "topics": [
        "nca_difference"
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    },
    {
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      "title": "get model parameters",
      "topics": [
        "nca_extract"
      ]
    },
    {
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      "title": "Outlier detection",
      "topics": [
        "nca_outliers"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "nca_output",
      "title": "display the result of the NCA analysis",
      "topics": [
        "nca_output"
      ]
    },
    {
      "page": "nca_power",
      "title": "Function to evaluate power",
      "topics": [
        "nca_power"
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    },
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      "title": "Function to show the powerplot",
      "topics": [
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    },
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      "title": "generating random data that meets necessity",
      "topics": [
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      "title": "NCA example data with 2 conditions and 1 output",
      "topics": [
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    },
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